Figure 7.02 Conviction ratios for indictable offences by sex and ethnic group, England and Wales, 2019. Youth custody data - October data published. The summary offences with the highest proportion of females among those convicted in 2019 were[footnote 115]: TV licence evasion females made up 74% of the 114,000 convictions in 2019, up 3 pp from 2015. As at 30 June 2019, the sentence length profile of males and females under a determinate sentence differs, with a higher proportion of females (15%) serving sentences of less than 12 months, compared to 6% of males[footnote 64] (influenced by custodial sentencing in Chapter 5: Defendants and offence mix in Chapter 7: Offence Analysis). The custody rate ranged between 20% and 23% across all female ethnic groups. In 2019/20, 31,800 individuals were detained under section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983) in England and Wales, a 2% increase when compared to the previous year[footnote 26]. Youth custody data for April 2018 published. The largest difference between genders in proportions of persistent absence was seen for those who were dealt with by a community penalty. Between 2015 and 2019, offenders of unknown sex comprised less than 1% of offenders. A 2.6 pp increase over the last five years brought female representation among in-post police officers up to 31% in 2019. Higher proportions of females in contact with liaison and diversion services were suspected as having issues with alcohol misuse, had financial needs and were abuse victims. Publication Child Support for Custodial Mothers and Fathers: 1997 October 2000 , A release is defined as a release from prison where the prisoner has finished serving the custodial term of their sentence and excludes unsentenced prisoners on remand. Mental health needs were higher for young females, the majority of which were for emotional and behavioural issues, affecting 31% of females and 18% of males. (Office of National Statistics) In 2007, 27.6% of children lived with their mother in the UK, while just 2.4% lived only with their father. 19.30This breakdown has remained relatively constant over the last 5 years. In 2019, Black males were particularly over represented, accounting for 12% of all male prosecutions. Some 18 year olds remain in the secure estate for children and young people if they only have a short period of their sentence to serve, to avoid disrupting their regimes. This compared to Black females accounting for 6% of all female prosecutions. HMPPS (excluding NPS) have seen the largest increase in female representation of senior staff, increasing by 10 percentage points, to 45% in 2020. The Ministry of Justice would welcome any feedback on the content, presentation or on any other aspect of this bulletin we can be contacted through: Email: CJS_Statistics@justice.gov.uk, Alternative formats are available on request from ESD@justice.gov.uk, Available at https://www.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/code-of-practice/, Fieldwork for the year to March 2020 was suspended two weeks early on Wednesday the 18th March 2020, just prior to the lockdown restrictions being announced by the Government on the 23rd March 2020. A BBC report suggested that in 2011 men accounted for just 8% of the UK's single parents. This is largely due to the introduction of the offence of assaulting an emergency worker in 2018, for which 3,300 females were prosecuted in 2019. The only exceptions are when we are deliberately discussing all aged offenders. The remains . You have accepted additional cookies. Over the last 5 years, there have been increases in female representation across almost all CJS organisations and in the proportion of senior staff. Figure 5.11: Proportion of offenders sentenced for indictable offences, by sentencing outcome and sex, 2019, Sentence lengths and average custodial sentence length (ACSL). Of all cautions issued in 2019, 55% were for indictable offences, a proportion which has been increasing over the last 5 years, from 49% in 2015. , Analysis of attainment data focuses on those sentenced/cautioned that were at the end of KS4 in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 academic years. All data refers to this age group throughout the section, unless stated otherwise. If you have any feedback about the changes referred to in the introduction, or the report more generally, please contact the production team through the Justice Statistics Analytical Services division of the Ministry of Justice: In 2019, a smaller proportion of female offenders were sentenced for indictable offences at 10%, compared to 22% of male offenders. Amongst those receiving cautions, discharges and fines, a greater proportion of young female offenders attained 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to C, including English and Maths, than the young male group. This proportions differ from the total prison population, which were 95% and 5% respectively. This was considerably lower than the proportion of pupils achieving this attainment level for the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 94] (62% for young females and 52% for young males) and 2014/15[footnote 95] (62% for young females and 53% for young males). , Lancashire Constabulary and Greater Manchester Police were unable to supply complete data for 2018/19 and for 2019/20 respectively. , The custody rate is the proportion of all offenders sentenced to immediate custody, out of all sentencing outcomes. Defendants with sex not stated accounted for 10% of all court proceedings in 2019, companies and public bodies accounted for 1%. Youth custody data for March 2017 published. The difference was greatest amongst those receiving fines, where a greater proportion of young females attained this level (22%) than the young male group (15%). You have rejected additional cookies. Remands at magistrates court followed similar trends to police remands over the last 5 years, with lower proportions of female defendants bailed or remanded in custody. Where a source is not National Statistics, users should consider this when making judgements about the weight that can be put on related findings. The analysis in this report addresses the key subject areas and goes some way to provide an evidence base for monitoring progress and aiding policy making decisions for the future. It is important to note in the following analysis that there are many young people in the overall pupil population that have the characteristics described and do not go on to offend[footnote 93]. Crime higher concerns legal representation in the Crown Court and above. , In 2019/20, the CPS moved from annual reporting, in the Violence Against Women and Girls annual report, to quarterly data. The strategy sets out the Governments commitment to a new programme of work for female offenders, which will take some years to deliver, driven by our vision to see: The strategy aims to take an evidence-based approach to reducing crime and rehabilitating offenders. A fast delivery PSR is only suitable where the case was of low seriousness or medium seriousness, and where the court indicates that a community sentence is being considered. In 2018/19, 671 individuals were victims of homicide in England and Wales; 64% of which were males and 36%, females (Figure 3.03). Please note that the data for the Open Data for June 2021 has been amended. Self-harm per individual was over twice as high for females at 9.3 instances, compared to 4.4 for males. Fines accounted for 34% of females sentenced in 2019 and 33% received a community sentence, compared with 44% and 30% for males. A contributing factor is the greater availability of females when an enforcement officer visits the home[footnote 116]. The HMIP Annual Report 2019/20 identifies differences in reported prison experiences between male and female prisoners[footnote 65]. The median offence to completion for all individual offence groups is higher for females than males except for violence against the person and theft offences. The study relied solely on electronically available published opinions in child custody cases (n = 4,338). Sex can be considered to refer to whether someone is male or female based on their physiology, with gender representing a social construct or sense of self that takes a wider range of forms. There are few comparisons to the population as a whole, but we have considered this to be 51% female, as based on Mid-year Population Estimates from the Office for National Statistics. Statistics on PSRs are published alongside Offender Management Statistics. Youth custody data for October 2017 published. Youth custody report for June 2015 published. Females had a higher average number of reoffences per reoffender compared to males, at 4.33 and 3.99, respectively. , We were only able to match data on those children who are both in DfE and MoJ datasets so cannot provide analysis specifically for non-offenders with these characteristics. , Equivalently, a Key Stage 4 (KS4) academic year of 2013/14 and 2014/15. , Defendants with unknown age and sex are excluded. Youth custody report November 2017 and youth custody data for November 2017 published. , Children can be sentenced to custody in three different establishment types: Young Offender Institutions are for males aged 15-17 only, no females. A higher proportion of young females were suspected as having issues with alcohol misuse, were identified at risk of suicide, self-harm or harm through personal neglect and in need of accommodation, education, employment or training. We are trialling the publication of this statistical bulletin in HTML format alongside the usual PDF version and we are seeking user feedback on the use of HTML for the publication of statistical bulletins. In 2019, 1.29 million defendants[footnote 48] were directed to appear at magistrates courts (including those who failed to appear). Similarly, we refer to females / males and women / men in this report, as a reflection of the binary classification in use. Intimate reflects the nature of the relationship between victim and perpetrator or the nature or the abuse itself. The proportion of all young offenders in the matched cohort that achieved 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to C, including English and Maths, was slightly higher for the young female group, at 12%, compared to 10% for young males. For both sexes, the 30 to 39 age range represented the highest number of those prosecuted in 2019. , Where sex is known. This publication is available at https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/women-and-the-criminal-justice-system-2019/women-and-the-criminal-justice-system-2019. Figure 8.05: Custody rate by sex for indictable offences with the highest number of female offenders sentenced, England and Wales, 2019. Youth custody report for September 2015 published. National Statistics status means that official statistics meet the highest standards of trustworthiness, quality and public value. , In this chapter, children refers to those aged 10 to 15 unless stated otherwise. Child custody statistics from the US Census Bureau report published in May 2020 and gathered in 2018 show that there were 12.9 million custodial parents in the US, living with 21.9 million children under 21. In this section, all analysis looks at those in the matched offender cohort who were eligible for Free School Meals (FSM) and/or had Special Education Needs (SEN), at any point during KS4. Similarly, males were twice as likely to be subjected to violence from a stranger (1.3%) than females (0.6%)[footnote 11][footnote 12]. , Fixed period exclusion refers to a pupil who is excluded from a school for a set period of time. Figure 7.12: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 with a record of fixed period exclusion, by gender and disposal category (Source: Table 7.5). For females, this was followed by strangulation, asphyxiation (17%), and, for males, hitting, kicking, etc. (18%). This chapter also includes analysis on the educational attainment and overall educational background of offenders through a data sharing exercise between MoJ and DfE. More detailed information on the reforms can be found at the following: SEND code of practice: 0 to 25 years. The indictable offences with the highest proportion of females among those convicted in 2019 were: Cruelty to or neglect of children females made up 60% of the 427 convictions in 2019, the same proportion as in 2015. Large figures are generally presented rounded to the nearest thousand, and percentages to the nearest percentage point in the bulletin text (or however is most appropriate). There is no published data available on Fixed Penalty Notices by sex. , For 2014/15, following SEND reforms, SEN pupils are categorised as SEN with a statement or Education, health and care (EHC) plan and SEN support. In 2019, the number of individuals who self-harmed per 1,000 prisoners was 335 for females and 148 for males[footnote 67]. The proportion of female children remanded in custody (17%) was lower than male children (48%). The main source of referral was the police, accounting for 60% of male and 68% of female young people. In accordance with Principle 2 of the Code of Practice for Official Statistics, the Ministry of Justice is required to publish transparent guidance on its policy for revisions. This has remained broadly stable since 2015. Figure 5.08: Median number of days from offence to completion, by offence group and sex, 2019. National Statistics status can be removed at any point when the highest standards are not maintained and reinstated when standards are restored. This section looks at offenders starting supervision as a result of a court order, including those starting supervision as a result of a community order or a suspended sentence order[footnote 68]. The CSEW 2018/19 provides the most recent breakdown of personal crime by offence (Figure 3.01)[footnote 10] . Therefore, to ensure comparability with previous years, these police forces are excluded from arrests analyses. In 2019, the same proportion (98%) of PNDs issued were for higher tier offences for both males and females. All official statistics should comply with all aspects of the Code of Practice for Statistics. The most recent data in this report are from the Child Support Supplement (CSS) to the April 2018 Current Population Survey (CPS). It is our intention to develop and test a new methodology that maintains our high professional standards and ensures that accurate, consistent series are available to all. Conviction ratios were higher for summary offences and as a higher proportion of female offences were summary, this in part explains the higher conviction ratio for female offenders. For both young males and young females in the matched cohort, those who were sentenced to custody for 12 months or less had the lowest proportion attaining 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to G. Figure 7.08 shows that across most disposal types, a greater proportion of young females attained this level than young males. Youth custody data for July 2015 published. Over the last five years, female representation has remained constant within the MoJ (67% in 2019). Youth custody data for December 2016 published. Youth custody data for June 2017 published. Females also consistently had a higher guilty plea rate for indictable offences. Male victims were comparatively younger, with equal proportions within the 16-24 and 25-34 age groups (both 22%). This is driven in part by a higher proportion of female offenders getting sentenced for offences that tend to receive shorter sentences. These figures are calculated differently from those used for the Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019 bulletin, which is used as the basis for the section on plea at the Crown Court and the remainder of the Crown Court committal section they are not directly comparable to these sections. As with custodial sentences, females on average received shorter community orders (11.6 months) and suspended sentence orders (16.6 months) on compared to males (at 12.5 and 17.3 months respectively). , This is not including the 96 victims of the Hillsborough disaster in 2016/17, where 89 were male and 7, female. , Department of Work and Pensions benefits statistics. Overall, of the young offenders sentenced/cautioned, a larger proportion of young males (14%) had been permanently excluded compared to young females (10%). Senior police officers increased their female representation to 27% in 2020, from 23% five years ago. See technical guide for more information. , Fast Delivery PSR (written) Normally completed on day of request and must be completed within 5 days. A decrease in prosecutions was also seen for Class B drug offences (1,000 fewer), benefit fraud (1,500 fewer) and absconding from bail (1,200 fewer). Offenders with 15 or more previous cautions or convictions. In 2019, 74% of individuals dealt with by the Criminal Justice System were male, and 26% were female. 18% of single mothers have a college degree or higher 27% of single fathers are between the ages of 15 & 29 29% of single fathers are African American 28% of single mothers are African American 36% of single fathers live at or below the poverty line 43% of single mothers live at or below the poverty line To allow for variable changes in headcount throughout the period considered, the sexes are best considered in terms of proportions of staff rather than absolute numbers. Between 2015 and 2019, female children saw the largest decline, a decrease of 35% in prosecutions, compared to a 29% decrease for male children that were prosecuted over the same period. , Statistics on case management come from Criminal Court Statistics. The report includes demographic and income data about custodial parents, and details child support income for custodial parents living below the poverty level. The average child support received by custodial parents as of 2017 was $3,431 per year. For both sexes, the child custody rate has remained broadly stable since 2015, at 8% for males and 2% for females. Her Majestys Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS) Equalities report was also released on the same day as this report. June 28, 2018. Of the females remanded in custody at the Crown Court for indictable offences in 2019, 80% were White, 10% were Black, 4% were Asian, 5% were Mixed and 2% were Chinese and Other. most serious) remand status. , This section excludes those where sex is not stated and other defendants such as companies and public bodies in total these accounted for 10% of all defendants in 2019. All court reports included in published PSR statistics relate to offenders of known sex. Female representation among court judges continued to steadily increase, similarly to the last five years (28% in 2016; 32% in 2020). , If enforcement officers suspect a household of watching or recording live TV without a valid licence and are not able to contact anyone at the property by letter or by telephone, they visit the household in person. , Statistics used are from the CSEW 2019/20 unless stated otherwise; when differences are not referred to as statistically significant these are either not statistically significantly different, or differences have not been tested. The custody rate for this offence was 14% for females and 34% for males in 2019. Males were serving longer custodial sentence length. A copy of this statement can be found at: http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/statistics/mojstats/statistics-revisions-policy.pdf. A proven reoffence is defined as any offence committed in a one-year follow-up period that leads to a court conviction, caution, reprimand or warning within that year or within a further six-month waiting period to allow the offence to be proven in court. Males were significantly more likely to fall victim to violence and robbery compared to females, with a significant increase in male robbery victims since 2017/18. Figure 7.08: Adult reoffending rate by age group and sex, April 2017 to March 2018 offender cohort, England and Wales. Dont worry we wont send you spam or share your email address with anyone. However, this was lower than the proportion of pupils achieving this attainment level for the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 99] and 2014/15[footnote 100] (99% for young females and 98% for young males). Adults of both sexes aged 16-24 reported the highest prevalence of personal crime in 2019/20, with the proportion generally /decreasing with increasing age. 20 divorce facts for 2020. The proportion of convicted offenders who were female was 27% in 2019 and has remained stable over the last 5 years. April 2017 to March 2018) offender cohort. Following changes to the administrative systems at the Crown Court that completed in September 2019, estimates of defendants representation status at the Crown Court are not available for this release. , Where sex is known. Females represented 5% of the prison population and this proportion has remained stable over the last five years. Significantly more females were victim to theft from the person, than males. In homicides with victims under the age of 16, where the principal suspect was identified, 31% of suspects were the parent (males: 21%; females: 42%). This chapter explores outcomes for defendants in the Criminal Justice System (CJS) predominantly drawing on data from the Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly: December 2019 publication. See accompanying technical guide for further details. The custody rate for this offence was lower for female offenders (19%) than for males (26%). , Monthly Youth Custody Official Statistics on the population in custody of children and young people within secure childrens homes (SCHs), secure training centres (STCs) and young offender institutions (YOIs) are published by the Youth Custody Service. Fraud by failing to disclose information females made up 50% of 281 convictions in 2019, down 1 pp since 2015. , See technical guide for information on the use of section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983). This may result in a single offender being included in the annual cohort more than once. Youth custody report for August 2013 published. Youth custody report for September 2016 published. Contrastingly, the HMPPS HQ (and Area Services) has a majority female staff, increasing to 59% in 2020. Main facts and figures. A higher proportion of females also reported having a child under 18. The overall levels of attainment for the cohort are slightly higher for the young female group, with 46% achieving 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to G, including English and Maths, compared to 43% for young males. Some of the proportions presented in this analysis are based on small sample sizes so care should be taken when comparing results for different genders. Figure 7.04: Age distribution of male and female defendants, England and Wales, 2019. Full details on data limitations and conclusion can be found in the technical guide. Tests for statistical significance are published in the Victims tables alongside this report. The overall child conviction ratio for indictable offences remained broadly stable since 2015, at 70%. In 2019, the median average days from the offence to the completion of the criminal case was 153 days for females and 162 for males. Secure Childrens Homes and Secure Training Centres are for males (those who are younger or have more complex needs) and females aged 10-17. For both young males and young females that received a sentence/caution in the matched cohort, over half received FSM. , A SEN statement is a document which sets out a childs SEN and any additional help that the child should receive. The proportion of males issued a caution for indictable offences was 56%, compared to 52% for female offenders. The disparity in convictions for these offences may reflect the fact that females make up a slightly larger proportion of benefit claimants[footnote 118]. Consistently, the proportion of females who reported experiencing domestic abuse in the last year (7.3%) was twice that of males (3.6%). , Figures refers only to those with known ethnicity; for this group, ethnicity coverage was 72% in 2019. This varies by offence type, females accounted for a higher proportion of prosecutions for summary offences (29%) than indictable offences (14%). These include: National liaison and diversion services data from NHS England, Survey data from Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons Annual Report, (New) Understanding Educational Background of Offenders (MoJ/ DfE data share). In 2019, 46% of children remanded at Crown Court for indictable offences were remanded in custody. The given number currently represents about . For both sexes, the 30 to 39 age range represented the highest number of those prosecuted in 2019. Youth Custody Report for July 2013 published. This is the latest biennial compendium of Statistics on Women and the Criminal Justice System and follows its sister publication Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System published last year. This difference is driven by female offenders receiving shorter average custodial lengths than males. In 2019, 96% of child custodial sentences were given to male children[footnote 84]. The proportion of females experiencing domestic abuse in 2019/20 was 7.3%, double that of males (3.6%). (US Census Bureau, Statista) In comparison, 21,500 males were remanded in custody at the Crown Court for indictable offences: 72% of these were White, 14% were Black, 7% were Asian, 4% were Mixed and 2% were Chinese and Other. In 2019, 13% of females were cautioned or convicted as first time offenders for theft offences, compared with 7% of males. Females were typically dealt with for less severe offences at court. Our policy in handling revisions is to be transparent with users about: How and when to expect revisions as part of our standard processes. This reflects the difference in relationship to suspect in cases for men and women with women much more likely to be killed by an acquaintance. For example, 52% of young females who received a suspended sentence had 5 or more GCSEs graded A* to G, compared to 44% of young males. In contrast to what is seen for police and magistrates courts remand, females consistently had a higher proportion than males to be bailed at the Crown Court. (Michon, 2021) . Similar falls have been seen in the number of defendants prosecuted over the last 5 years when broken down by sex; the number of prosecutions for male defendants fell by 11% to 904,000 in 2019 and prosecutions for female defendants fell by 12% to 324,000 in 2019. Penalty Notices for Disorder (PND)[footnote 32] issued. In general, the higher the proportion of students who received FSM, the higher the severity of the disposal category. Figure 5.04: Proportion of the defendants brought to magistrates court by prosecuting authority and sex, 2019. A fixed period exclusion can involve a part of the school day and it does not have to be for a continuous period. Ethnic minority groups accounted for a higher proportion of prosecutions against males compared to females. This chapter (largely drawing from the Offender Management statistics Quarterly) provides statistics relating to offenders in custody or under supervision in the community, by sex. Criminal legal aid consists of legal advice and representation provided to people being investigated or charged with a criminal offence, covering police stations, prisons, and the courts. In 2019, 15% of the total crime lower legal aid workload was for female clients and this proportion has remained stable over the last 5-year period[footnote 41]. Likewise, only slight changes have been seen since 2015 regarding female representation in CPS staff (65% in 2015; 66% in 2019). This was significantly higher than the 3.4% of female adult victims in the same year (no significant change from 3.7% the previous year). Figure 5.01: The journey of males and females through the CJS, 2019. , Caution should be taken when comparing figures for senior staff, however, because the numbers of individuals represented are small - changing a single case could have a noticeable effect. For example, prisons are either male or female institutions, with prisoners normally placed based on their legally recognised gender.